{"id":749,"date":"2016-02-16T15:38:15","date_gmt":"2016-02-16T14:38:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/?p=749"},"modified":"2024-09-02T16:39:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-02T14:39:15","slug":"amerikanischer-wissenschaftler-als-gruendervater-des-burgenlandes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/amerikanischer-wissenschaftler-als-gruendervater-des-burgenlandes\/","title":{"rendered":"Amerikanischer Wissenschaftler als \u201eGr\u00fcndervater\u201c des Burgenlandes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nach dem ersten Entwurf der Kommission bei der Friedenskonferenz in Paris am 2. Juni 1919 sollte Deutschwestungarn trotz der Forderungen \u00d6sterreichs bei Ungarn bleiben. Entscheidend f\u00fcr den sp\u00e4teren Meinungsumschwung der Siegerm\u00e4chte war der Einfluss der USA. Die \u201eAmerican Commission to Negotiate Peace\u201c, eine Gruppe von Experten war Teil der amerikanischen Friedensdelegation. Unter der Leitung des Historikers Archibald Cary Coolidge, begann die <\/strong>\u201eCoolidge Mission\u201c D<\/strong>aten und Fakten \u00fcber Deutschwestungarn zu sammeln. Ein Mitglied dieser Gruppe\u00a0war der Geograph Major Lawrence Martin (1880-1955). Er erarbeitete eine gr\u00fcndliche Studie \u00fcber die Bev\u00f6lkerungs- und Wirtschaftsstruktur Deutschwestungarns. Auf Basis dieser Studie empfahl er die Grenze von 1867 nach Osten zu verschieben und das Gebiet vorl\u00e4ufig, bis zur Abhaltung einer Volksabstimmung, \u00d6sterreich anzuschlie\u00dfen. Damit wurde Lawrence Martin zu einem der wichtigsten \u201eGr\u00fcndungsv\u00e4ter\u201c des Burgenlandes.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"L.<\/a>

Lawrence Martin bei geographischen Studien im Bundesstaat Wisconsin<\/p><\/div>\n

Das entscheidende Dokument im Wortlaut:
\n<\/strong>Major Lawrence Martin to Professor A. C. Coolidge, Memorandum Paris, June 19, 1919
\n<\/strong>I recommend consideration of a new boundary between Austria Hungary approximately as shown in red on the appended map.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Your flies contain more detailed discussion of the problem, which I submitted to you on February 28 (File 122) and March 16 (File 151) and from which I abstract the following.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. The <\/strong>reasons <\/strong>for <\/strong>considering such <\/strong>a <\/strong>new boundary <\/strong>are:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    (a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The area is solidly German (Heinzisch) except for small Sprachinseln of Serbo-Croats (See paragraph 4, below)<\/strong>(b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Its exported food products are necessary for the alimentation of Vienna (See paragraph 5)<\/strong>(c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The proposed new boundary is just <\/strong>as <\/strong>good from the points of view of economic and Strategie geography <\/strong>as <\/strong>the old frontier <\/strong>(See <\/strong>paragraph <\/strong>6.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The area affected is about 22,000 Square miles, with a population between 350,000 and 400,000 persons. The 332,000 Germans there are said to earnestly desire to join Austria. Austria is anxious to take them. The Magyars would not fight to keep them. No one would be disappointed except the Magyars of the few mixed towns, as Oedenburg (Sopron).<\/strong><\/li>\n
    2. It is said that 35% to 42% of the imported food of Nieder\u00f6sterreich including Vienna, came from German West-Hungary before the war. Several hundred dealers in 50 small villages of German West-Hungary regularly supplied the Vienna market. Between 100,000 and 150,000 liters of milk came daily from this region to Vienna. Green vegetables (327,000 q), fruits (107,000 q), and 24 to 28 million eggs were also supplied.<\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. Part of the new boundary proposed follows wooded hillcrests, part traverses the Hans\u00e1g, a swampy plain. The present boundary lies west of the ridge crest (Leitha Gebirge) at Bruck, 23 miles east of Vienna, giving the Magyars a bridgehead and tremendous advantage for a military compaign against the Austrians. No railway or canal is broken by the boundary suggested.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Lawrence Martin Major, General Staff Chief, Geog. Sect. Mil. Intelligence Div. U.S. Army <\/strong>(Berlin Jon D. Akten und Dokumente des Au\u00dfenamtes (State Department) der USA zur Burgenland-Anschlu\u00dffrage 1919-1920. In: Burgenl\u00e4ndische Forschungen Heft 67. S. 95)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

      <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Nach dem ersten Entwurf der Kommission bei der Friedenskonferenz in Paris am 2. Juni 1919 sollte Deutschwestungarn trotz der Forderungen \u00d6sterreichs bei Ungarn bleiben.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[278,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-278","category-westungarn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=749"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2510,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749\/revisions\/2510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brettl.at\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}